SMILES Converter

The chemrof CLI converts SMILES strings into chemrof-compliant data records. Given a SMILES like CCO (ethanol) or [Ca+2] (calcium ion), it parses the structure with RDKit, determines the correct chemrof type, and fills in structural properties automatically.

Quick start

# Install (from the repo root)
uv sync

# Convert a SMILES to YAML
chemrof from-smiles "CCO"

# Multiple molecules, JSON output
chemrof from-smiles "CCO" "c1ccccc1" "[Ca+2]" --format json

# OWL output (OWL Functional Syntax)
chemrof from-smiles "CCO" "[Ca+2]" --format owl

# Pull names from PubChem
chemrof from-smiles "CCO" --enrichers pubchem

What it produces

For each SMILES, the converter outputs a dict with these slots:

Slot	Source	Example
`id`	InChIKey (computed)	`INCHIKEY:LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N`
`name`	Molecular formula (or enricher)	`C2H6O`
`type`	Auto-classified	`chemrof:SmallMolecule`
`smiles_string`	Canonical SMILES	`CCO`
`inchi_string`	Computed InChI	`InChI=1S/C2H6O/c1-2-3/h3H,2H2,1H3`
`inchi_chemical_sublayer`	Parsed from InChI	`C2H6O`
`empirical_formula`	RDKit	`C2H6O`
`molecular_mass`	Exact mass (Da)	`46.0419`
`is_organic`	Contains carbon	`true`
`elemental_charge`	For ions only	`2`
`has_element`	For monoatomic ions	`Ca`

Auto-classification

The converter inspects the parsed molecule and picks the right chemrof class:

Structure	chemrof type
Single atom, positive charge (e.g. `[Ca+2]`)	`AtomCation`
Single atom, negative charge (e.g. `[Cl-]`)	`AtomAnion`
Single atom, neutral (e.g. `[He]`)	`UnchargedAtom`
Multi-atom, net positive (e.g. `[NH4+]`)	`MolecularCation`
Multi-atom, net negative (e.g. `CC([O-])=O`)	`MolecularAnion`
Multi-atom, neutral (e.g. `CCO`)	`SmallMolecule`

Enrichers

By default, the converter fills in only what RDKit can compute from the structure. To pull additional data from external databases, use --enrichers:

chemrof from-smiles "CCO" --enrichers pubchem

This adds a PubChem lookup by InChIKey, filling in the preferred IUPAC name and a PubChem CID cross-reference.

Available enrichers

Name	Status	What it does
`pubchem`	Working	Looks up the compound in PubChem by InChIKey. Fills `name` (IUPAC preferred) and `pubchem_cid`.
`chebi`	Stub	Will resolve CHEBI identifiers via the OLS API.
`wikidata`	Stub	Will resolve Wikidata QIDs via SPARQL.

Multiple enrichers run in sequence:

chemrof from-smiles "CCO" --enrichers pubchem,chebi

Writing a custom enricher

Enrichers follow a simple protocol. Any class with a name attribute and an enrich(obj, context) method works:

from chemrof.converter.enrichers.base import EnrichmentContext

class MyEnricher:
    name = "my-source"

    def enrich(self, obj: dict, context: EnrichmentContext) -> dict:
        # context.inchikey, context.smiles, context.inchi, context.mol
        # are available for lookups
        obj["my_custom_field"] = look_up_something(context.inchikey)
        return obj

The EnrichmentContext carries the RDKit mol object and computed identifiers (InChIKey, canonical SMILES, InChI) so enrichers can use whichever key their data source accepts.

To use a custom enricher programmatically:

from chemrof.converter.smiles import SmilesConverter

converter = SmilesConverter(enrichers=[MyEnricher()])
result = converter.convert("CCO")

OWL output

The --format owl option emits an OWL ontology in Functional Syntax. Each entity becomes an OWL Class with a SubClassOf axiom linking it to its chemrof type, plus annotation assertions for each structural property:

Declaration(Class(chemrof:INCHIKEY:LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N))
SubClassOf(chemrof:INCHIKEY:LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chemrof:SmallMolecule)
AnnotationAssertion(rdfs:label chemrof:INCHIKEY:LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N "C2H6O")
AnnotationAssertion(chemrof:smiles_string chemrof:INCHIKEY:LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N "CCO")

The Python API equivalent:

from chemrof.converter.smiles import SmilesConverter
from chemrof.converter.owl_output import dicts_to_owl

converter = SmilesConverter()
objs = [converter.convert(s) for s in ["CCO", "[Ca+2]"]]
print(dicts_to_owl(objs))

Python API

The converter is also usable as a library:

from chemrof.converter.smiles import SmilesConverter

converter = SmilesConverter()
result = converter.convert("CCO")
# result is a plain dict with chemrof slots
print(result["type"])           # chemrof:SmallMolecule
print(result["empirical_formula"])  # C2H6O